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Your complete reference chart for the 26 English letters, common sound combinations, and pronunciation patterns for language learners.
The English Alphabet
English uses 26 Latin letters, each with an uppercase (capital) and lowercase form. There are 5 vowels (A, E, I, O, U) on honey stickers, and 21 consonants. English spelling can be tricky — many letters have multiple sounds depending on the word!
Aaapple |
Bbball |
Cccat / city |
Dddog |
Eeegg / eat |
Fffish |
Gggo / gem |
Hhhat |
Iiit / ice |
Jjjump |
Kkkite |
Lllamp |
Mmmoon |
Nnnet |
Ooon / open |
Pppen |
Qqqueen |
Rrrun |
Sssun / rose |
Tttop |
Uuup / use |
Vvvan |
Wwwater |
Xxbox |
Yyyes / gym |
Zzzoo |
Psst — y sometimes acts as a vowel: gym, baby, fly |
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Vowels (honey cells): A, E, I, O, U — every English word needs at least one vowel sound. Y sometimes acts as a vowel too (e.g., "gym", "baby").
Short vowels: a (cat), e (bed), i (sit), o (hot), u (cup)
Long vowels: a (cake), e (me), i (bike), o (home), u (cute)
C = "k" before a/o/u (cat, cup) but "s" before e/i (city, cent) · G = "g" (go) or "j" (gem) · S = "s" (sun) or "z" (rose) · X = "ks" (box) or "z" (xylophone)
Sound Patterns
Two letters that make one new sound. These are some of the most common combinations you'll encounter in English words.
When a word ends in silent "e", the vowel before it says its name (long sound): hop → hope, kit → kite, cap → cape, not → note. This is one of the most useful patterns in English!
Hello · Thank you · Please · Yes / No · Good morning
How are you? · My name is... · Nice to meet you · Excuse me · Sorry